HIV-1 gene

HIV-1 gene

Any of the genes present in the human immunodeficiency virus See AIDS

HIV genes

art/trs gene rev gene, see there

env^† gene Encodes viral coat proteins gp 120 and gp 41, which mediate CD4 binding and membrane fusion, controlled by tat and rev

gag^‡ gene Encodes nucleocapsid core proteins including p24

nef^‡ gene 3´ orf, B gene, ORF-2 gene Encodes a protein of unknown function found in infected Pts that may down-regulate viral expression–nef deletion results in a five-fold increase in viral DNA synthesis and replication

pol^‡ gene Encodes reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase and ribonuclease

R^† gene Encodes TAR–transcription activating response element, which has a nonspecific immunodeficiency effect

rev^† gene art/trs gene Encodes a 19 kD post-transcriptional protein regulator required for HIV replication, up-regulating HIV synthesis by transactivating anti-repression, ↑ levels of envelope RNA by regulating the env gene; inactivation of rev prevents viral replication–as measured by the successful production of the p24 glycoprotein by infected monocytes can be massively ↑ by adding cytokines to culture medium

tat^† gene Encodes a potent 14 kD transcription activator that amplifies HIV replication, the inactivation prevents viral replication

vif^† gene Facilitates infectivity of free HIV

vpr^† gene Encodes a weak transcription activator

vpu^† gene Unique to HIV-1, encodes a 16 kD product which, when mutated, has a 5-10-fold Ø in replicative capacity and is critical for efficient budding of virions NEJM 1991; 324:308rv

†Gene encoding regulatory protein

‡Gene encoding structural protein