growth hormone (redirected from Growth hormones)

hormone /hor·mone/ (hor´mōn) a chemical substance produced in the body which has a specific regulatory effect on the activity of certain cells or a certain organ or organs.hormo´nal

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adrenocortical hormone 

1. any of the corticosteroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex, the major ones being the glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, and including some androgens, progesterone, and perhaps estrogens.

2. corticosteroid.

adrenocorticotropic hormone  (ACTH) corticotropin.

adrenomedullary hormones  substances secreted by the adrenal medulla, including epinephrine and norepinephrine.

androgenic hormone  androgen.

anterior pituitary hormones  those produced in the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary), including corticotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and thyrotropin.

antidiuretic hormone  vasopressin.

cortical hormone  adrenocortical h.

corticotropin-releasing hormone  (CRH) a neuropeptide elaborated mainly by the median eminence of the hypothalamus, but also by the pancreas and brain, that stimulates the secretion of corticotropin.

ectopic hormone  one released from a neoplasm or cells outside the usual source of the hormone.

eutopic hormone  one released from its usual site or from a neoplasm of that tissue.

fibroblast growth hormone  a peptide hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis that is a potent mitogen of vascular endothelial cells and a regulator of tissue vascularization.

follicle-stimulating hormone  (FSH) one of the gonadotropic hormones of the adenohypophysis; it stimulates ovarian follicle growth and maturation, estrogen secretion, and endometrial changes characteristic of the first portion of the menstrual cycle in females, and stimulates spermatogenesis in males.

follicle-stimulating hormone–releasing hormone  (FSH-RH) luteinizing hormone

gonadotropic hormone  gonadotropin.

gonadotropin-releasing hormone  (Gn-RH)

1. luteinizing hormone

2. any hypothalamic factor that stimulates release of both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

growth hormone  (GH) any of several related hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis that directly influence protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism and control the rate of skeletal and visceral growth; used pharmaceutically as somatrem and somatropin.

growth hormone–releasing hormone  (GH-RH) one elaborated by the hypothalamus, stimulating release of growth hormone from the adenohypophysis.

inhibiting hormones  hormones elaborated by one body structure that inhibit release of hormones from another structure; applied to substances of established clinical identity, while those whose chemical structure is still unknown are called inhibiting factors.

interstitial cell–stimulating hormone  luteinizing h.

lactation hormone , lactogenic hormone prolactin.

local hormone  a substance with hormonelike properties that acts at an anatomically restricted site.

luteinizing hormone  (LH) a gonadotropin of the adenohypophysis, acting with follicle-stimulating hormone in females to promote ovulation as well as secretion of androgens and progesterone. It instigates and maintains the secretory portion of the menstrual cycle and is concerned with corpus luteum formation. In males, it stimulates the development and functional activity of testicular Leydig cells.

luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone  (LH-RH) a glycoprotein gonadotropic hormone of the adenohypophysis that acts with follicle-stimulating hormone to promote ovulation and promotes secretion of androgen and progesterone. A preparation of the salts is used in the differential diagnosis of hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal dysfunction and in the treatment of some forms of infertility and hypogonadism.

melanocyte-stimulating hormone , melanophore-stimulating hormone (MSH) one of several peptides secreted by the anterior pituitary in humans and in the rhomboid fossa in lower vertebrates, influencing melanin formation and deposition in the body and causing color changes in the skin of amphibians, fishes, and reptiles.

neurohypophysial hormones  posterior pituitary h's.

ovarian hormones  those secreted by the ovary, such as estrogens and progestational agents.

parathyroid hormone  a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, which influences calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone formation.

placental hormones  those produced by the placenta during pregnancy, including chorionic gonadotropin and other substances having estrogenic, progestational, or adrenocorticoid activity.

plant hormone  phytohormone.

posterior pituitary hormones  those released from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), including oxytocin and vasopressin.

progestational hormone 

1. progesterone.

2. see under agent.

releasing hormones  hormones elaborated in one structure that cause the release of hormones from another structure; applied to substances of established chemical identity, while those whose chemical structure is unknown are called releasing factors.

sex hormones  the estrogens and androgens considered together.

somatotrophic hormone , somatotropic hormone growth h.

somatotropin-releasing hormone  (SRH) growth hormone

steroid hormones  those that are biologically active steroids; they are secreted by the adrenal cortex, testis, ovary, and placenta and include the progestogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens.

thyroid hormones  thyroxine, calcitonin, and triiodothyronine; in the singular, thyroxine and/or triiodothyronine.

thyroid-stimulating hormone  (TSH), thyrotropic hormone thyrotropin.

thyrotropin-releasing hormone  (TRH) a tripeptide hormone of the hypothalamus, which stimulates release of thyrotropin from the adenohypophysis and also acts as a prolactin-releasing factor. It is used in diagnosis of mild hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease, and in differentiating among primary, secondary, and tertiary hypothyroidism. A synthetic preparation is called protirelin.

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growth hormone

n. Abbr. GH

A polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that promotes growth of the body, especially by stimulating release of somatomedin, and that influences the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Also called human growth hormone, pituitary growth hormone, somatotropin.

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Growth hormone

A hormone that eventually stimulates growth. Also called somatotropin.

Mentioned in: Pituitary Dwarfism

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growth hormone (GH),

a single-chain peptide secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to GH-releasing hormone. Its secretion is controlled in part by the hypothalamus. GH promotes protein synthesis in all cells, increases fat mobilization and use of fatty acids for energy, and decreases use of carbohydrate. Growth effects depend on the presence of thyroid hormone, insulin, and carbohydrate. Somatomedins, proteins produced chiefly in the liver, play a vital role in GH-induced skeletal growth. GH cannot cause elongation of long bones after the epiphyses close, however, so stature does not increase after puberty. GH accelerates the transport of specific amino acids into cells, stimulates the synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) and ribosomal RNA, influences the activity of several enzymes, increases the storage of phosphorus and potassium, and promotes a moderate retention of sodium. GH secretion, controlled almost exclusively by the central nervous system, occurs in bursts, with more than half of the total daily amount released during early sleep. Somatostatin, an anterior pituitary regulating hormone produced in the hypothalamus, inhibits GH secretion as well as secretion of insulin and gastrin. A deficiency of GH causes dwarfism; an excess results in gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults. Also called somatotropic hormone, somatotropin. See also acromegaly, dwarfism, gigantism, somatostatin.

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growth hormone (grōthˑ hōrˑ·mōn),

n a hormone produced by the pituitary gland; involved in the division of cells and the growth and maintenance of tissues. Also called
GH, HGH, human growth hormone, or
somatotropin.

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growth,

n an increase in size.

growth and development,

n the process of
growth is defined as an increase in size;
development is defined as a progression toward maturity. Thus the terms are used together to describe the complex physical, mental, and emotional processes associated with the “growing up” of children.

growth factor,

n the chemical messengers that induce cell growth by tissue type (e.g., osteoinductive factor, epidermal growth factors).

growth failure,

n a lack of normal physical and psychologic development as a result of genetic, nutritional, pathologic, or psychosocial factors. See also failure to thrive.

growth, grain,

n a phenomenon resulting from heat treatment of alloys. In excessive amounts, this growth produces undesirable physical properties.

growth hormone (GH),

n a single-chain peptide secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) from the hypothalamus. Growth hormone promotes protein synthesis in all cells, increased fat mobilization and use of fatty acids for energy, and decreased use of carbohydrates.

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growth hormone

a substance that stimulates growth, especially the polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that directly influences protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and controls the rate of skeletal and visceral growth. The hormone acts on tissues via peripheral factors. Called also somatotropin, somatomedin.

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growth hormone release inhibiting h

see somatostatin.

growth hormone releasing h. (GH-RH)

a hormone elaborated by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. Called also somatocrinin.

growth hormone-responsive dermatosis

a rare, symmetrical alopecia and hyperpigmentation in dogs. The cause is unknown, but the condition is responsive to bovine or porcine growth hormone. Called also pseudo-Cushing's syndrome, hyposomatotropism, pituitary alopecia.

growth hormone stimulation test

see clonidine stimulation test.

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growth hormone

Somatotropin A 21.5 kD growth-promoting protein hormone secreted in a pulsatile fashion by the anterior pituitary in response to the hypothalamic regulatory hormones, GHRH and somatostatin; GH influences protein, carbohydrate, fat metabolism. See Recombinant human growth hormone.

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Patient discussion about Growth hormones.

Q. does the growth hormone have side effects and what are they?

A. Yes, it does, and not a few. They include, among others, pain in the joints, carpal tunnel syndrome, diabetes, pain at the injection site, problems with the thyroid gland, ear problems and many others. You may read more about side effects of growth hormone treatment (called Mecasermin or Somatropin) here: http://www.drugs.com/ppa/mecasermin.html