Gland (redirected from Fundic glands)

gland (gland) an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs.

---

accessory gland  a minor mass of glandular tissue near or at some distance from a gland of similar structure.

accessory adrenal glands  adrenal glandular tissue, usually either cortical or medullary, found in the abdomen or pelvis.

adrenal gland  suprarenal gland; a flattened body above either kidney, consisting of a cortex and a medulla, the former elaborating steroid hormones, and the latter epinephrine and norepinephrine.

aggregate glands , aggregated glands Peyer's patches.

apocrine gland  one whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells; particularly used to denote an apocrine sweat gland.

apocrine sweat gland  a type of large, branched, specialized sweat gland, after puberty producing a viscous secretion that is acted on by bacteria to produce a characteristic acrid odor.

axillary glands  lymph nodes situated in the axilla.

Bartholin's gland  greater vestibular g.

biliary glands , glands of biliary mucosa tubuloalveolar glands in the mucosa of the bile ducts and the neck of the gallbladder.

Blandin's glands  anterior lingual g's.

bronchial glands  seromucous glands in the mucosa and submucosa of bronchial walls.

Bruch's glands  lymph follicles in the conjunctiva of lower lid.

Brunner's glands  duodenal g's.

bulbocavernous gland , bulbourethral gland one of two glands embedded in the substance of the sphincter of the urethra, posterior to the membranous part of the urethra.

cardiac glands  mucin-secreting glands of the cardiac part (cardia) of the stomach.

celiac glands  lymph nodes anterior to the abdominal aorta.

ceruminous glands  cerumen-secreting glands in the skin of the external auditory canal.

cervical glands of uterus  compound clefts in the wall of the uterine cervix.

ciliary glands  sweat glands that have become arrested in their development, located at the edges of the eyelids.

circumanal glands  specialized sweat and sebaceous glands around the anus.

closed glands  endocrine g's.

coccygeal gland  glomus coccygeum.

compound gland  one made up of a number of smaller units whose excretory ducts combine to form ducts of progressively higher order.

Cowper's gland  bulbourethral g.

ductless gland  one without a duct, of internal secretion; see endocrine g's.

duodenal glands  glands in the submucosa of the duodenum, opening into the glands of the small intestine.

Ebner's glands  serous glands at the back of the tongue near the taste buds.

eccrine gland , eccrine sweat gland one of the ordinary, or simple, sweat glands, which is of the merocrine type.

endocrine glands  organs whose secretions (hormones) are released directly into the circulatory system; they include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, the pineal body, and the gonads.

exocrine gland  one whose secretion is discharged through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body.

fundic glands , fundus glands tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach, containing acid- and pepsin-secreting cells.

Galeati's glands  duodenal g's.

gastric glands  the secreting glands of the stomach, including the fundic, cardiac, and pyloric glands.

Gay's glands  circumanal g's.

glossopalatine glands  mucous glands at the posterior end of the smaller sublingual glands.

haversian glands  synovial villi.

holocrine gland  one whose discharged secretion contains the entire secreting cells.

intestinal glands  straight tubular glands in the mucous membrane of the intestine, opening, in the small intestine, between the bases of the villi, and containing argentaffin cells.

jugular gland  accessory lacrimal glands deep in the conjunctival connective tissue, mainly near the upper fornix.

lacrimal gland  either of a pair of glands that secrete tears.

glands of Lieberkühn  intestinal g's.

lingual glands  the seromucous glands on the surface of the tongue.

lingual glands, anterior  the deeply placed seromucous glands near the apex of the tongue.

Littre's glands 

1. preputial g's.

2. urethral g's (male).

lymph gland  see under node.

mammary gland  the specialized gland of the skin of female mammals, which secretes milk for nourishment of the young.

Glandula mammaria (mammary gland).

meibomian glands  sebaceous follicles between the cartilage and conjunctiva of eyelids.

merocrine gland  one in which the secretory cells maintain their integrity throughout the secretory cycle.

mixed glands 

1. seromucous g's.

2. glands that have both exocrine and endocrine portions.

monoptychial gland  one in which the tubules or alveoli are lined with a single layer of secreting cells.

Morgagni's glands  urethral g's (male).

mucous gland  a gland that secretes mucus.

nabothian glands  see under follicle.

Nuhn's glands  anterior lingual g's.

olfactory glands  small mucous glands in the olfactory mucosa.

parathyroid glands  small bodies in the region of the thyroid gland, developed from the endoderm of the branchial clefts, occurring in a variable number of pairs, commonly two; they secrete parathyroid hormone and are concerned chiefly with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.

paraurethral glands  see paraurethral ducts of female urethra and paraurethral ducts of male urethra, under duct.

parotid gland  the largest of the three paired salivary glands, located in front of the ear.

Peyer's glands  see under patch.

pharyngeal glands  mucous glands beneath the tunica mucosa of the pharynx.

pineal gland  see under body.

pituitary gland  hypophysis; the epithelial body of dual origin at the base of the brain in the sella turcica, attached by a stalk to the hypothalamus. It consists of two main lobes, the anterior lobe or adenohypophysis, secreting most of the hormones, and the posterior lobe or neurohypophysis, which stores and releases neurohormones received from the hypothalamus.

preputial glands  small sebaceous glands of the corona of the penis and the inner surface of the prepuce, which secrete smegma.

proper gastric glands  fundic g's.

prostate gland  prostate.

pyloric glands  the mucin-secreting glands of the pyloric part of the stomach.

racemose glands  glands composed of acini arranged like grapes on a stem.

saccular gland  one consisting of a sac or sacs, lined with glandular epithelium.

salivary glands  glands of the oral cavity whose combined secretion constitutes the saliva, including the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands and numerous small glands in the tongue, lips, cheeks, and palate.

Salivary glands.

sebaceous gland  one of the holocrine glands in the dermis that secrete sebum.

seromucous gland  one containing both serous and mucous secreting cells.

serous gland  a gland that secretes a watery albuminous material, commonly but not always containing enzymes.

sex gland  gonad.

simple gland  one with a nonbranching duct.

Skene's glands  paraurethral ducts of female urethra.

solitary glands  see under follicle.

submandibular gland , submaxillary gland a salivary gland on the inner side of each ramus of the lower jaw.

suprarenal gland  adrenal g.

Suzanne's gland  a mucous gland of the mouth, beneath the alveolingual groove.

sweat gland  a gland that secretes sweat, found in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, opening by a duct on the body surface. The ordinary or eccrine sweat glands are distributed over most of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of the secretion; the apocrine sweat glands empty into the upper portion of a hair follicle instead of directly onto the skin, and are found only in certain body areas, as around the anus and in the axilla.

target gland  one specifically affected by a pituitary hormone.

tarsal glands , tarsoconjunctival glands meibomian g's.

thymus gland  see thymus.

thyroid gland  an endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on each side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus, producing hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine), which require iodine for their elaboration and which are concerned in regulating metabolic rate; it also secretes calcitonin.

Tyson's glands  preputial g's.

unicellular gland  a single cell that functions as a gland, e.g., a goblet cell.

urethral glands  mucous glands in the wall of the urethra.

uterine glands  simple tubular glands found throughout the endometrium.

vesical glands  mucous glands sometimes found in the wall of the urinary bladder, especially in the area of the trigone.

vestibular gland, greater  Bartholin's gland: either of two small reddish yellow bodies in the vestibular bulbs, one on each side of the vaginal orifice.

vestibular glands, lesser  small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice.

Virchow's gland  sentinel node.

vulvovaginal gland  Bartholin's g.

Waldeyer's glands  glands in the attached edge of the eyelid.

Weber's glands  the tubular mucous glands of the tongue.

glands of Zeis  modified rudimentary sebaceous glands attached directly to the eyelash follicles.

---

gland (glnd)

n.

1. A cell, a group of cells, or an organ that produces a secretion for use in or for elimination from the body.

2. Any of various organs, such as lymph nodes, that resemble true glands but perform a nonsecretory function.

---

Gland

A collection of cells whose function is to release certain chemicals, or hormones, which are important to the functioning of other, sometimes distantly located, organs or body systems.

Mentioned in: Acromegaly and Gigantism, Addison's Disease, Cushing's Syndrome, Pancreatitis

---

gland,

n an organ with specialized cells that secretes or excretes materials into the body. Classified into exocrine glands that secrete via ducts and endocrine glands that secrete directly into the bloodstream.

---

gland(s),

n/n.pl an organ producing a specific product or secretion.

gland, parotid salivary,

n the largest of the major salivary glands; its anterior position is situated between the ramus of the mandible, its posterior portion between the mastoid process and sternocleidomastoid muscle, and inferior to the zygomatic arch; irregularly wedge shaped, with the lateral surface flattened and the medial aspect more or less pointed toward the pharyngeal wall. Its secretion, which is serous, travels the parotid duct (Stenson's duct) to empty into the oral cavity at the ductal opening at the parotid papillae on the buccal mucosa opposite the maxillary molar teeth.

gland, pituitary,

n (hypophysis), an endocrine gland located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica. The pituitary gland is composed of two parts: the pars nervosa, which is an extension of the anterior part of the hypothalamus, and the pars intermedia, which is an epithelial evagination of secretory tissue from the stomodeum of the embryo. By its structural and functional relationships with the nervous system and the endocrine glands, it acts as a mediator of both the nervous system and the endocrine system.

gland, sublingual salivary,

n the smallest of the major salivary glands. It lies inferior to the floor of the oral cavity bilateral to the lingual frenum and is in contact with the sublingual depression on the inner side of the mandible. Its numerous ducts open directly into the oral cavity bilateral to the lingual frenum and join to form the sublingual duct (duct of Bartholin's), which enters into the submandibular duct (Wharton's duct). Its secretion is mucous in nature.

gland, submandibular salivary,

n a major salivary gland that has an irregular form and is situated in the submandibular space, bordered anteriorly by the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and posteriorly by the stylomandibular ligament. Its mucoserous section is carried by the submandibular duct (Wharton's duct), whose openings lie at a small papilla (submandibular caruncle) bilateral to the lingual frenum.

gland, thymus,

n See thymus.

glands, Blandin and Nuhn's,

n.pr See spots, Fordyce's.

glands, endocrine,

n.pl a gland of internal secretion; a hormone-secreting gland (e.g., the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes).

glands, lacrimal,

n.pl the ducted (exocrine) glands that produce lacrimal fluid, commonly called
tears. See also lacrimal apparatus.

glands, minor salivary,

n.pl the glands located at the posterior aspect of the dorsum of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae (von Edner's) and along the lateral surface of the tongue; also located in the palate, floor of mouth, labial mucosa, and buccal mucosa. The secretion is mucous, and they do not have named ducts. Older term:
accessory salivary glands. See also salivary glands, von Edner's.

glands, salivary,

n.pl the glands in the oral cavity that secrete saliva. Three major salivary glands contribute their secretions to form the whole saliva; the minor mucous glands found within oral mucosa contribute a lesser amount. The major salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.

---

gland

an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. Glands are divided into two main groups, endocrine and exocrine.

Specific glands will be found under their individual names.

---

accessory genital g's

glands other than the gonads, intimately associated with the reproductive organs, especially of the male, in which they include vesicular glands (seminal vesicles), ampullary glands, prostate, bulbourethral glands, coagulating glands. Called also accessory sex glands.

accessory sex gland

see accessory genital glands (above).

acinous gland

one made up of one or more oval or spherical sacs (acini).

alveolar gland

one whose secretory units consist of saclike dilatations with a distinct lumen.

alveolar-tubular gland

gland composed of a mixture of alveolar and tubular structures.

ampullary gland

fusiform enlargement of the deferent duct, as it passes across the bladder wall, due to proliferation of glandular tissue in the regionally folded mucosa.

anal g's

small glands in the anal columnar mucosal cells plus larger and more numerous circumanal glands in the surrounding skin.

apocrine gland

one whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells.

avian stomach g's

mucosal and submucosal glands in the stomach of birds; the submucosal glands are thought to secrete both acidic and enzymic substances.

bronchial g's

glands which contain a mixture of serous and mucus-secreting cells found in the bronchial mucosa.

buccal g's

buccal salivary glands lying in the submucosal tissues of the cheek and sometimes the orbit and whose ducts secrete directly into the buccal cavity.

cardiac gland

one of the three (the other two are the pyloric and proper gastric or fundic) types of gland in the stomach wall and capable of secretion into the gastric juices; this gland secretes only mucus.

carpal g's

cutaneous, 'marking' glands found on the medial aspect of the carpus in the pig; although present in both sexes are thought to be used to mark mated females.

circumoral g's

large glands in the lips of cats; used to mark territory either directly by the familiar fawning head rub, or indirectly by rubbing the secretion of the gland onto the fur during grooming.

ceruminous g's

cerumin-secreting glands in the skin of the external auditory canal.

compound gland

one made up of a number of smaller units whose excretory ducts combine to form ducts of progressively higher order.

deep (lacrimal) gland, gland of the third eyelid

an additional lacrimal gland found in the skin of the cartilaginous support of the third eyelid.

ductless g's

endocrine glands.

eccrine gland

a gland that secretes its product without loss of cytoplasm, such as the sweat glands on dog footpads or human skin.

endocrine g's

or ductless glands, discharge their secretions (hormones) directly into the blood; they include the adrenal, pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands, the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, the gonads and the pineal body.

exocrine g's

discharge through ducts opening on an external or internal surface of the body; include the salivary, sebaceous and sweat glands, the liver, the gastric glands, the pancreas, the intestinal, mammary and lacrimal glands, and the prostate.

fundic g's, fundus g's

numerous, tubular glands in the mucosa of the stomach that contain the cells which produce acid and pepsin. According to the species, they are usually found in the body and occasionally in the fundus.

gustatory gland

branched, tubuloalveolar serous glands which open into large lingual papillae.

hematopoietic gland

glandlike body, e.g. the spleen, that takes a part in blood formation.

hemolymph gland

small node resembling lymph node but red or brown in color and containing blood sinuses instead of or alongside lymph spaces. Common in ruminants and some rodents and typically located along the large arteries.

Harderian gland

see harderian gland.

haversian gland

fold on synovial surface regarded as secretor of synovia.

holocrine gland

one whose discharged secretion contains the entire secreting cells as in sebaceous glands.

horn gland

a scent gland found caudomedial to the horn base in goats of both sexes; increase in size and activity in breeding season. Produce the pungent secretion so characteristic of goats, described best as the distilled essence of reek.

infraorbital g's

special sebaceous glands which line the infraorbital sinus (pouch) in sheep.

inguinal g's

the collection of special tubular and sebaceous glands which line the inguinal pouch (sinus) in sheep.

interdigital g's

special sebaceous and tubular glands in the interdigital sinus (pouch) in sheep.

intestinal g's

microscopic tubular glands which lie in the mucosa of the gut and secrete intestinal juice into the lumen of the small intestine.

labial g's

minor salivary glands; mucous in small ruminants, serous in others.

lateral nasal g's

a local glandular thickening of the mucosa lining the maxillary sinus of dogs and some other species; this tissue is largely responsible for the continually wet nose of the dog.

lingual gland

minor salivary glands, mixed serous and mucous in cattle and horses, mucous in sheep, cats, dogs.

lymph g's

lymph nodes; they are not glands in the true sense.

male sex gland

see testis, accessory genital glands (above).

mammary gland

the milk-secreting organ of female mammals, existing also in a rudimentary state in the male. See also udder, breast.

mandibular salivary g's

major salivary glands; large and with long salivary ducts to deliver secretion into the mouth.

marrow-lymph gland

hemolymph gland having a marrow-like tissue.

meibomian gland

see tarsal gland.

mental gland

a focal specialization of glands in the skin of the pig, caudal to the mandibular symphysis. It is a round raised nevus-like structure composed of sebaceous and apocrine glands with coarse bristles.

merocrine gland

one whose discharged secretion contains no part of the secreting cells.

mixed g's

1. seromucous glands.

2. glands that have both exocrine and endocrine portions.

molar salivary gland

unique gland in felids; predominantly mucoid cells with a few serous.

Moll's g's, g's of Moll

see moll's glands.

multicellular g's

glands which occur as sheets of epithelial cells with secretory function, e.g. gastric and intestinal mucosae.

multilobular proventricular g's

in the glandular stomach of the bird these glands appear to secrete both pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

nasal g's

small glands scattered throughout the nasal mucosa.

nasolabial gland

see nasolabial gland.

olfactory g's

seromucous glands located beneath the olfactory epithelium; their secretion keeps the local mucosa moist.

palatine salivary gland

a minor salivary gland containing serous or mucoid or mixed secretory cells.

palpebral gland

see meibomian gland (above).

parotid salivary gland

a major salivary gland usually containing serous secretory cells; in carnivores there may also be a few mucus-secreting cells.

preen gland

see uropygial gland (below).

preputial g's

sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands within the prepuce; sometimes aggregated into discrete sacs (musk deer) or diverticula (pigs); their secretions combine with desquamated epithelial cells to produce smegma.

proctodaeal g's

mucous glands containing lymphoid tissue located in the proctodeum of male and female birds.

proper gastric gland

the main digestive glands of the stomach; found in different parts of the stomach in different species but usually in the body of the stomach; secrete pepsin and hydrochloric acid; open into microscopic pits and clefts.

scent gland

secrete pheromones which play such a large part in olfactory communication between animals. Located in a variety of places, e.g. in the elephant they are behind the eyes, in the musk deer they are in the belly wall.

seminal gland

see seminal vesicle.

sentinel gland

an enlarged lymph node, considered to be pathognomonic of some pathological condition elsewhere.

sex g's, sexual g's

gonads. See ovary, testis.

shell gland

the caudal portion of the uterus in the female bird in which the egg is held while the shell is secreted.

simple gland

one with a nonbranching duct.

sine ductibus gland

ductless gland.

solitary g's

solitary follicles.

sperm host gland

in the vagina of birds; store and nourish visiting spermatozoa which are released when oviposition occurs.

splenolymph g's

hemolymph glands having more of the splenic type of tissue.

sublingual salivary gland

a major salivary gland; predominantly mucous cells in ruminants, swine, rodents; mixed serous and mucoid cells in small carnivores and horses.

submental g's

a group of sebaceous glands in the intermandibular space in cats.

submucosal intestinal g's

simple, branched, tubuloacinar glands; mucous in ruminants and dogs, mixed serous and mucous in cats and serous in horses and dogs; in carnivores and small ruminants confined to the proximal or middle parts of the duodenum, extend to jejunum in large ruminants, horses, pigs.

submucosal stomach gland

large, numerous, branched, compound, tubular gland in birds; thought to secrete both acid and enzymatic products.

sudoriferous g's, sudoriparous g's

sweat glands.

supracaudal gland

scent producing cells found only in dogs and cats; in dogs confined to a small area at the base of the tail, in cats extend along the dorsal surface of most of the tail; called also tail gland.

suprarenal gland

see adrenal gland.

tail gland

see supracaudal gland (above).

target gland

one specifically affected by a hormone.

tarsal gland

see meibomian gland (above).

third eyelid gland

a secondary lacrimal gland; a second, deeper gland occurs in pigs and cattle.

tubular gland

any gland made up of or containing a tubule or tubules.

ultimobranchial gland

tissue from the fourth pharyngeal pouch which in mammals is absorbed into the thyroid gland. In fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds the tissue forms separate glands containing calcitonin.

unicellular gland

a single cell that functions as a gland, e.g. a goblet cell.

urethral g's

accessory sex glands in males; secrete serous and mucoid liquids into the urethra to nourish and activate spermatozoa.

uropygial gland

the oil or preen gland of birds is attached to the tail and consists of a bilobed simple tubular, holocrine gland.

vesicular gland

see seminal vesicle.

vestibular g's

major and minor mucus-producing glands in the vestibule of the vulva.

Wolfring g's

small tubuloalveolar glands in subconjunctival tissue above the upper border of the tarsal plate; open onto conjunctiva.

g's of Zeis, Zeis g's

prominent sebaceous sweat glands on the eyelid margins, associated with hair follicles of cilia. See also external hordeolum.

Zuckerkandl gland

two large bodies included with the paraganglia along the abdominal aorta.

zygomatic salivary gland

a unique salivary gland in small carnivores; contains mainly mucous cells with a few serous cells; a modified dorsal buccal gland.

---

supracaudal organ, gland

a collection of large sebaceous glands in the skin of the dorsum of the tail in cats. Excessive sebaceous secretion with inflammation gives rise to the condition known as stud tail.