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amifostine |
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amifostine /am·i·fos·tine/ (am″ĭ-fos´tēn) a chemoprotectant used to prevent renal toxicity in cisplatin chemotherapy. amifostine, a cytoprotective agent for cisplatin. indications This drug is used to reduce renal toxicity when cisplatin is given to treat ovarian carcinoma. It also reduces xerostomia in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. contraindications Known hypersensitivity to mannitol or aminothiol, hypotension, dehydration, and lactation prohibit the use of this drug. adverse effects Dizziness, somnolence, sneezing, flushing, hiccups, hypocalcemia, rash, and chills are among this drug's side effects. Common side effects include hypotension, nausea, and vomiting. amifostine Ethyol Pharmacologic class: Organic thiophosphate cytoprotective drug Therapeutic class: cytoprotectant Pregnancy risk category C ActionUndergoes conversion to free thiol, an active metabolite that reduces toxic effects of cisplatin on renal tissue AvailabilityPowder for injection: 500-mg anhydrous base and 500 mg mannitol in 10-ml vials ⊘Indications and dosages ➣ To reduce cumulative renal toxicity of cisplatin therapy in patients with ovarian cancer or non-small-cell lung cancer Adults: 910 mg/m2 I.V. daily as a 15-minute infusion, starting 30 minutes before chemotherapy ➣ To reduce moderate to severe xerostomia in patients undergoing postoperative radiation treatment for head or neck cancer Adults: 200 mg/m2 I.V. daily as a 3-minute infusion, starting 15 to 30 minutes before standard fraction radiation therapy Off-label uses• Protection against cisplatin- and paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug PrecautionsUse cautiously in: Administration• Ensure that patient is adequately hydrated before starting drug.
Adverse reactionsCNS: dizziness, drowsiness, rigors CV: hypotension GI: nausea, vomiting Metabolic: hypocalcemia Respiratory: dyspnea, sneezing Skin: flushing, rash, urticaria, erythema multiforme Other: chills, warm sensation, hiccups, allergic reactions InteractionsDrug-drug. Antihypertensives: increased risk of hypotension Drug-diagnostic tests. Calcium: decreased level Patient monitoring• Monitor blood pressure. Patient teaching• Emphasize importance of remaining supine during drug administration to prevent hypotension. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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MedImmune also makes Synagis for infectious respiratory disease and Ethyol for chemotherapy side effects. FDA objected to a video for prospective patients taking the company's Ethyol (amifostine) drug, which counteracts the side effects of radiation therapy. MedImmune actively markets three products, Synagis (palivizumab), Ethyol (amifostine) and CytoGam (cytomegalovirus immune globulin intravenous (human)), and has 11 products in clinical testing. |
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