En·brel ( n brl ) A trademark for the drug etanercept. |
etanercept
Enbrel
Pharmacologic class: Immunomodulator
Therapeutic class: Antiarthritic
Pregnancy risk category B
Action
Reacts with and deactivates free-floating tumor necrosis factor, responsible for inflammation
Availability
Powder for injection: 25 mg in multiple-use vial
Prefilled syringe (single-use): 50 mg/ml
⊘Indications and dosages
➣ Moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; psoriatric arthritis
Adults: 50 mg subcutaneously q week given as a single injection. Dosages above 50 mg/week are not recommended.
➣ Chronic moderate to severe plaque psoriasis
Adults ages 18 and older: 50 mg subcutaneously twice weekly (given 3 or 4 days apart) for 3 months, followed by reduction to a maintenance dosage of 50 mg weekly
➣ Polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Children ages 4 to 17: 0.8 mg/kg subcutaneously q week, to a maximum of 50 mg weekly
Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components
• Sepsis
Precautions
Use cautiously in:
• immunosuppression, chronic infection, heart failure
• latex allergy (needle cover of diluent syringe contains latex)
• elderly patients
• pregnant or breastfeeding patients
• children younger than age 4.
Administration
• Inject subcutaneously into thigh, abdomen, or upper arm.
• For adult, use single-use, 50 mg/ml prefilled syringe.
• For child weighing 63 kg (138 lb) or more, use single-use, 50 mg/ml prefilled syringe for weekly dose; for child weighing 31 to 62 kg (68 to 137 lb), administer total weekly dose from multiple-use vial as two injections on same day or 3 or 4 days apart; for child weighing less than 31 kg (68 lb), give as a single weekly injection using multiple-use vial.
• Rotate injection sites.
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration |
| Subcut. | Slow | 72 hr | Unknown |
Adverse reactions
CNS: asthenia, headache, depression, dizziness, paresthesia, fatigue, demyelinating disorders (such as multiple sclerosis and myelitis), cerebral hemorrhage, seizures, cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
CV: hypotension, hypertension, chest pain, deep-vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure
EENT: ocular inflammation, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, anorexia, cholecystitis, abdominal abscess, GI hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, pancreatitis
GU: pyelonephritis, membranous glomerulonephropathy
Hematologic: anemia, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia
Metabolic: hypomagnesemia
Musculoskeletal: bursitis, polymyositis, joint pain
Respiratory: cough, congestion, dyspnea, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, interstitial lung disease
Skin: flushing, cellulitis, pruritus, rash, cutaneous vasculitis, urticaria, alopecia, angioedema
Other: altered taste, weight gain, adenopathy, fever, irritation at injection site, peripheral edema, flulike symptoms, autoantibody formation, lupus-like syndrome, serious infections
Interactions
None significant
Patient monitoring
☞ Watch for signs and symptoms of pancytopenia and infection.
☞ Monitor for evidence of GI bleeding, lupus-like syndrome, and serious hypersensitivity reactions. Stop therapy immediately if these occur.
• Monitor CBC and coagulation studies.
☞ Check for signs and symptoms of cardiac compromise and cerebrovascular events.
• Monitor pulmonary function test results periodically to assess lung status.
• Assess patient's ability to self-administer drug.
• Check for irritation at injection site. As needed, apply cool compresses.
• Examine eyes for conjunctival dryness. As needed, apply artificial tears.
Patient teaching
☞ Tell patient to withhold dose and contact prescriber if he develops signs or symptoms of infection or is exposed to anyone with chickenpox.
☞ Tell patient to immediately report hypersensitivity reaction, neurologic or respiratory problems, sudden weight gain, chest pain, or easy bruising or bleeding.
• Teach patient or caregiver how to administer drug and handle and dispose of equipment.
• Caution patient not to get live-virus vaccines.
• Tell female to inform prescriber if she is pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Advise patient to expect redness, swelling, and pain at injection site. Assure him that these problems will diminish over time.
• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions mentioned above.
Enbrel®
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