congestive heart failure (redirected from Congestive heart failure-etiology)

failure /fail·ure/ (fāl´yer) inability to perform or to function properly.

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acute congestive heart failure  rapidly occurring cardiac output deficiency marked by venocapillary congestion, hypertension, and edema.

backward heart failure  a concept of heart failure emphasizing the causative contribution of passive engorgement of the systemic venous system, as a result of dysfunction in a ventricle and subsequent pressure increase behind it.

bone marrow failure  failure of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow.

congestive heart failure  (CHF) that characterized by breathlessness and abnormal sodium and water retention, resulting in edema, with congestion of the lungs or peripheral circulation, or both.

diastolic heart failure  heart failure due to a defect in ventricular filling caused by an abnormality in diastolic function.

forward heart failure  a concept of heart failure that emphasizes the inadequacy of cardiac output relative to body needs and considers venous distention as secondary.

heart failure  inability of the heart to pump blood at a rate adequate to fill tissue metabolic requirements or the ability to do so only at an elevated filling pressure; defined clinically as a syndrome of ventricular dysfunction with reduced exercise capacity and other characteristic hemodynamic, renal, neural, and hormonal responses.

high-output heart failure  that in which cardiac output remains high; associated with hyperthyroidism, anemia, arteriovenous fistulas, beriberi, osteitis deformans, or sepsis.

kidney failure  renal f.

left-sided heart failure , left ventricular failure failure of adequate output by the left ventricle, marked by pulmonary congestion and edema.

low-output heart failure  that in which cardiac output is decreased, as in most forms of heart disease, leading to manifestations of impaired peripheral circulation and vasoconstriction.

premature ovarian failure  premature menopause.

renal failure  inability of the kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under normal loading, or inability to retain electrolytes when intake is normal; in the acute form, marked by uremia and usually by oliguria, with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema.

right-sided heart failure , right ventricular failure failure of adequate output by the right ventricle, marked by venous engorgement, hepatic enlargement, and pitting edema.

systolic heart failure  heart failure due to a defect in the expulsion of blood that is caused by an abnormality in systolic function.

failure to thrive  physical and developmental retardation in infants and small children, sometimes from physical illness and sometimes from psychosocial effects such as maternal deprivation.

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congestive heart failure

n. Abbr. CHF

See heart failure.

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Congestive heart failure

A condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to supply the body's tissues with sufficient oxygen and nutrients; back up of blood in vessels and the lungs causes buildup of fluid (congestion) in the tissues.

Mentioned in: Cardiomyopathy, Endocarditis, Heart Failure

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congestive heart failure (CHF),

an abnormal condition that reflects impaired cardiac pumping and the inability to maintain the metabolic needs of the body. Its causes include myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. Failure of the ventricles to eject blood efficiently results in volume overload, ventricular dilation, and elevated intracardiac pressure. Increased pressure in the left side of the heart causes pulmonary congestion. Increased pressure in the right side causes systemic venous congestion and peripheral edema. See also heart failure.

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congestive heart failure,

n inability of the heart to sustain sufficient blood circulation in the lungs and tissues; condition characterized by shortness of breath, weakness, and edema.

Congestive heart failure.

Stage	Symptoms
Stage I	Patient is symptom-free at rest and with treatment
Stage II	Patient experiences impaired heart function with moderate physical effort. Shortness of breath with exertion is common. There are no symptoms at rest
Stage III	Even minor physical exertion results in shortness of breath and fatigue. There are no symptoms at rest
Stage IV	Symptoms such as shortness of breath and signs such as lower extremity edema are present when the patient is at rest

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congestive heart failure (knjes´tiv),

n an abnormal condition characterized by circulatory congestion (retention of fluids) caused by cardiac or kidney disorders. It usually develops chronically in association with the retention of sodium and water by the kidneys. The acute form may result from myocardial infarction of the left ventricle.

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congestive heart failure

Congestive heart disease Cardiology '…a complex clinical syndrome characterized by abnormalities of left ventricular function and neurohormonal regulation, which are accompanied by effort intolerance, fluid retention, and reduced longevity'; an impairment of cardiac function in which failing ventricles cannot adequately perfuse tissue to meet metabolic demands; CHF usually develops over a long  period, but may be abrupt in onset Epidemiology CHF is a major health problem which affects 2-3 million, US; 400,000 new cases are diagnosed/yr Clinical Low-output 'forward CHF'–weakness, fatigue, lethargy, light-headedness, and confusion; in decompensated CHF, cardiac cachexia ensues, characterized by exhaustion and loss of lean muscle mass; low-output backward CHF–pulmonary congestion–fluids accumulate in lungs, causing dyspnea, initially only on exertion; also seen, peripheral and pedal edema, rales, S3 gallop, sinus tachycardia, hypotension, ↑ jugular venous pressure, and abdominojugular–hepatojugular reflux High-output heart failure–'non-cardiac' CHF Albright's disease–polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, anemia, carcinoid syndrome, arteriovenous fistulas–trauma, Paget's disease of bone, hemangiomatosis, glomerulonephritis, hemodialysis, liver disease–alcohol-related thiamin deficiency, ↓ peripheral arterial resistance, hyperkinetic heart syndrome, polycythemia vera, thyrotoxicosis CHF precipitants Alcohol, cor pulmonale, drug-related–inappropriate medications, non-compliance, ↑ fluid and/or sodium intake, fever, hypothyroidism, hypoxia, infection, obesity, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, renal failure, uncontrolled HTN Workup-EKG–to exclude myocardial ischemia or infarction, and/or arrhythmia Workup-lab CBC–to exclude anemia, BUN and creatinine–to assess renal function, electrolytes–K⁺ and magnesium, liver enzymes, cardiac markers including enzymes–eg, LDH isoenzymes and proteins–e.g., troponin T–to exclude recent MI or ischemia, thyroid function tests–to exclude thyrotoxicosis, a major cause of high-output heart failure Radiology Cardiac enlargement, interstitial and/or alveolar edema, and pulmonary vascular redistribution in acute CHF, findings which are less common in chronic CHF Echocardiography–M-mode, 2-D, & Doppler to determine the left ventricular ejection fraction; CHF typically has concentric left ventricular hypertrophy Management of precipitating factors Eliminate noncardiac factors–eg, alcohol, drugs, excess fluid and/or sodium intake, fever, hypothyroidism, hypoxia, infection, renal insufficiency, HTN, and other factors; control precipitating factors, which may eliminate the signs and symptoms of CHF Acute management Acute CHF with extreme respiratory distress is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to ↓ volume–preload and myocardial O₂ demand and ↑ forward blood flow Long-term management Once CHF develops, it requires continuous therapy to ↓ M&M–ie, 1. non-pharmacologic maneuvers–eg, salt restriction in the form of a 'no salt added' regimen, reduction of alcohol intake, exercise as tolerated and, for Pts with impaired renal function or psychogenic polydipsia, fluid restriction
2. drug therapy with multiple agents–diuretics, ACE inhibitors, digoxin, nitrates, CCBs, beta-blockers, inotropic agents that ↑ intracellular sodium–eg, vesnarinone–have a narrow therapeutic range Prognosis Poor; 5-yr mortality rate for CHF after the onset of Sx-per Framingham Heart data, is 62% for ♂; 42% for ♀; 200,000 deaths attributable to CHF occur/yr–US; ↑ norepinephrine levels direct correlates with hemodynamic severity and poor prognosis. See Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Nitrates.

Congestive heart failure–etiology

Dilated cardiomyopathy Congestive cardiomyopathy

 Infectious–eg viral, parasites

 Toxic–eg alcohol abuse, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide

 Nutritional–eg carnitine, selenium, thiamin, or protein deficiency

 Connective tissue disease

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

Infiltrative cardiomyopathy Amyloid, hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis

Hypertensive heart disease

Myocardial ischemia/infarction Accompanied by left ventricular dysfunction

Valvular heart disease

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Patient discussion about Congestive heart failure-etiology.

Q. What Is the Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure? My mother is 76 years ols and has been suffering from a heart disease for many years. Lately she has developed congestive heart failure. How is this situation treated?

A. The treatment of CHF focuses on treating the symptoms and signs of CHF and preventing the progression of disease. If there is a reversible cause of the heart failure (an infection, alcohol consumption, anemia, arrhythmia, or hypertension), that should be addressed as well. Treatments include exercise, eating healthy foods, reduction in salty foods, and abstinence from smoking and drinking alcohol.

Q. what is "pulmonary edema" and what are the risks? my Dr. told me I'm in a risk group for pulmonary edema, he tried to explain what it is but i didn't understand fully...if someone may give me a brief explanation- I'll appreciate it!

A. pulmonary edema occurs when, lets say, your heart left ventricle stops working properly and your right ventricle works fine. that means your lungs getting lets presume- 1 liter of blood -but your left ventricle can pump out of it only 990 ml. that means you have high blood pressure in your lungs and fluid comes out of blood vessels and fills your lungs, making it harder and harder breathing.

Q. describe the symptoms of congestive heart failure

A. Congestive heart failure (CHF), or heart failure, is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to the body's other organs. People with heart failure can't exert themselves because they become short of breath and tired.
As blood flow out of the heart slows, blood returning to the heart through the veins backs up, causing congestion in the tissues. Often swelling (edema) results. Most often there's swelling in the legs and ankles, but it can happen in other parts of the body, too. Sometimes fluid collects in the lungs and interferes with breathing, causing shortness of breath, especially when a person is lying down. Some may be unable to sleep unless sitting upright.
Heart failure also affects the kidneys' ability to dispose of sodium and water. The retained water increases the edema.