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chromosomal |
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chromosomal. See chromosome. chromosomal, adj relating to chromosome, or a configuration within the cell's nucleus that contains a linear thread of DNA that conveys genetic data. chromosomal emanating from or pertaining to chromosome. chromosomal aberration see chromosomal abnormality (below). chromosomal abnormality abnormal karyotype; abnormalities can be detected before birth by means of amniocentesis, or after birth, but many are probably never observed because they cause death and disposal of the fetus. The abnormalities are either of number, or of composition of the individual chromosomes. Monosomy and trisomy are examples of numerical abnormalities. Translocations are examples of abnormalities of structure where parts of one chromosome have been transferred to another. The cause of these abnormalities is not known. Their importance is that many of them are linked with structural or functional defects of the animal body. The best known ones in veterinary medicine are those that are related to infertility, e.g. translocation 1/29, translocation 27/29. chromosomal analysis fetal cells obtained by amniocentesis or lymphocytes from a blood sample can be cultured in the laboratory until they divide. Cell division is arrested in mid-metaphase by the drug Colcemid, a derivative of colchicine. The chromosomes can be stained by one of several techniques that produce a distinct pattern of light and dark bands along the chromosomes, and each chromosome can be recognized by its size and banding pattern. The chromosomal characteristics of an animal are referred to as its karyotype. This also refers to a photomicrograph of a cell nucleus that is cut apart and rearranged so that the individual chromosomes are in order and labeled. The autosomes are numbered roughly in order of decreasing length. The sex chromosomes are labeled X and Y. Karyotyping is useful in determining the presence of chromosome defects. chromosomal banding see banding (2). chromosomal chimerism see chimera. chromosomal crossover see crossover. chromosomal deletion in genetics, loss from a chromosome of genetic material. chromosomal inversion see inversion (2). chromosomal linkage see linkage (2). chromosomal mapping see genetic map. chromosomal non-disjunction failure of the chromatids or chromosomes to separate (disjoin) during meiosis. chromosomal replication see replication. chromosomal walking a technique for identification and isolation of contiguous sequences of genomic DNA. chromosomal X inactivation only one of a pair of female (X) chromosomes in the one cell is active, the other is inactivated. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Most significantly, younger ages of smoking initiation were associated with a higher prevalence of chromosomal deletions within the specific genomic region implicated in field cancerization in the lung (i. Researchers have learned that if chromosomal deletions or other genetic alterations rob a cell of the function of a tumor suppressor gene, that cell can ignore the strict regulations on cell growth and division that the body ordinarily imposes. It accepts data from Agilent feature extraction software and displays chromosomal deletions and amplifications and multiple zoom levels simultaneously. |
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