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chemical warfare |
Also found in: Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Hutchinson | 0.04 sec. |
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chemical warfare, the waging of war with poisonous chemicals and gases. chemical 1. pertaining to chemistry. 2. a substance composed of chemical elements, or obtained by chemical processes. See also toxin. chemical adjuvant a chemical added to another to improve its activity. For example, mineral gels added to vaccines. May also be a chemical added to feed to improve digestion, e.g. monensin in ruminants. These are more commonly referred to as additives. See also adjuvant. agricultural chemical chemical used in agriculture. Includes pesticides, anthelmintics, fertilizers, algaecides, herbicides, soil fumigants and the like. chemical environment that part of the animals' environment that is composed of chemicals. For farm livestock this includes fertilizers, defoliants, worm drenches, insect sprays, adjuvants to feed. For companion animals see household chemical (below). household chemical the roster of chemicals that one can expect to find in the average household. Includes insect sprays and repellents, snail bait, rodenticide, garden sprays, human medicines and the like. chemical pneumonitis results from aspiration of gastric acids. chemical shearing causing the fleece of sheep to be shed by the administration of a chemical substance to the sheep. Cyclophosphamide and mimosine have been used experimentally but there is no commercially available system. chemical spoilage occurs in preserved foods, especially canned ones. Is usually the result of interaction between the contents and an imperfect container. There may be gas produced, e.g. hydrogen swells, or discoloration of the tin. chemical warfare agents used include: (1) systemic poisons, e.g. hydrocyanic acid; (2) lung irritants, e.g. chlorine, phosgene; (3) lacrimators (weeping stimulators), e.g. CN, CAP, CS; (4) sternutators (sneeze stimulators); (5) vesicants, e.g. mustards, nitrogen mustards, arsenic mustards and nettle gases; (6) nerve gases, e.g. organophosphorus compounds. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Chemical agents release ammonia or other substances to break down the polymer residue chemically in the machine and reduce its molecular weight and viscosity so that it can be flushed out easily. To make sensors for biological or chemical agents, researchers would fill gaps with substances whose chemical reactions with target agents would modify electric signals in the wires, Mirkin explains. In one application, the highly porous fibrous carrier has been used to entrap a variety of sorbents and biosupports that can be tailored to address a wide spectrum of chemical agents, pathogens and other contaminants. |
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