Cheyne-Stokes respiration (redirected from Chain-Stokes breathing)

respiration /res·pi·ra·tion/ (res″pĭ-ra´shun)

1. the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells, including ventilation (inhalation and exhalation); diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to blood and of carbon dioxide from blood to alveoli; and transport of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from body cells.

2. ventilation (1).

3. cellular respiration; the exergonic metabolic processes in living cells by which molecular oxygen is taken in, organic substances are oxidized, free energy is released, and carbon dioxide, water, and other oxidized products are given off by the cell.

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abdominal respiration  breathing accomplished mainly by the abdominal muscles and diaphragm.

aerobic respiration  the oxidative transformation of certain substrates into secretory products, the released energy being used in the process of assimilation.

anaerobic respiration  respiration in which energy is released from chemical reactions in which free oxygen takes no part.

artificial respiration  that which is maintained by force applied to the body, by stimulation of the phrenic nerve by an electric current, or by mouth-to-mouth method (resuscitation of an apneic victim by direct application of the mouth to his, regularly taking a deep breath and blowing into the victim's lungs).

Biot's respiration  rapid, short breathing with pauses of several seconds, indicating increased intracranial pressure.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration  breathing with rhythmic waxing and waning of depth of breaths and regularly recurring apneic periods.

cogwheel respiration  breathing with jerky inhalation.

electrophrenic respiration  diaphragmatic pacing; induction of respiration by electric stimulation of the phrenic nerve.

external respiration  exchange of gases between the lungs and blood.

internal respiration  exchange of gases between the body cells and blood.

Kussmaul's respiration , Kussmaul-Kien respiration air hunger; deep rapid breathing as seen in respiratory acidosis.

paradoxical respiration  that in which all or part of a lung is deflated during inhalation and inflated during exhalation, such as in flail chest or paralysis of the diaphragm.

tissue respiration  internal r.

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Cheyne-Stokes respiration

n.

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase in depth and sometimes in rate to a maximum depth, followed by a decrease resulting in apnea, usually seen in comatose individuals having diseased nervous centers of respiration.

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Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR)

Etymology: John Cheyne; William Stokes, Irish physician, 1804-1878; L, respirare to breathe

an abnormal pattern of respiration, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The respiratory cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually become abnormally rapid and deep. Breathing gradually becomes slower and shallower and is followed by 10 to 20 seconds of apnea before the cycle is repeated. Each episode may last from 45 seconds to 3 minutes. Underlying CSR is a complex alteration in the functioning of the respiratory center in the brain, caused by dysfunction of the diencephalon or by bilateral hemispheric lesions. The respiratory center may have a reduced sensitivity to the concentrations of blood gases, as is seen in cerebrovascular disease, in tumors of the brainstem, and in severe head injury. CSR may be triggered by changes in blood chemical processes, especially in elderly patients with degenerative arterial disease or respiratory diseases, such as bronchopneumonia. In an otherwise healthy person, CSR may be caused by hyperventilation, exposure to high altitudes, or an overdose of a narcotic or hypnotic drug. CSR occurs more frequently during sleep. Also called agonal respiration, periodic breathing. Compare Biot's respiration.

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Cheyne-Stokes respiration,

n atypical pattern of breathing where the individual alternates between deep, rapid breathing and apnea.

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respiration (res´pirā´shn),

n the gaseous exchange between cells of the body and the environment. Four stages exist: pulmonary ventilation, diffusion of gases in the alveoli, transport of gases in the blood to and from cells, and regulation of the process.

respiration, artificial,

n maintenance of respiratory movements by artificial means. When respiration has been arrested and no mechanical device is available, resuscitation by means of artificial respiration is the only practical means of ventilating the lungs.

n.pr (Cheyne-Stokes reflex), a type of breathing characterized by rhythmic variations in intensity that occur in cycles: rhythmic acceleration, deepening, and stopping of breathing movements.

respiration, controlled,

n maintenance of adequate pulmonary ventilation in apneic patients.

respiration, external,

n ventilation of the lungs and oxygenation of the blood.

respiration in speech,

n in normal speech, the action of the respiratory apparatus during exhalation, which provides a continuous stream of air with sufficient volume and pressure (under adequate voluntary control) to initiate phonation. The stream of air is modified in its course from the lungs by the facial and oral structures, giving rise to the sound symbols that are recognized as speech.

respiration, internal,

n the mechanism of gaseous exchange between blood and tissues.

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Cheyne-Stokes respiration

breathing characterized by rhythmic waxing and waning of the depth of respiration; the patient breathes deeply for a short time and then breathes very slightly or stops breathing altogether. The pattern occurs over and over again every 45 seconds to 3 minutes. Periodic breathing of this type is caused by disease affecting the respiratory centers.