burning mouth syndrome

burning mouth syndrome,

a burning sensation in the mouth that is often associated with menopause.

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syndrome (sin´drōm),

n a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a disease.

syndrome, adaptation,

n See disease, adaptation; syndrome, general adaptation.

syndrome, adrenogenital,

n disorder of sexual development or function associated with abnormal adrenocortical function resulting from bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, carcinoma, or adenoma. Pseudohermaphroditism occurs congenitally, and masculinization occurs later in females. Precocious sexual development and occasionally feminization occur in males.

syndrome, AHOP,

n.pr adiposity,
hyperthermia,
oligomenorrhea, and
parotitis appearing in females. Parotid gland enlargement begins at puberty and is followed by obesity, oligomenorrhea, and psychic disturbances.

syndrome, Apert,

n.pr craniostenosis characterized by oxycephaly and syndactyly of the hands and feet. Facial manifestations include exophthalmos, high prominent forehead, small nose, and malformation of the mandible and oral cavity. Also called
acrocephalosyndactyly.

syndrome, Ascher,

n.pr syndrome consisting of double lip, a redundance of the skin of the eyelids (blepharochalasis), and nontoxic thyroid enlargement. The sagging eyelids are obvious when the eyes are open; the double lip is seen when the patient smiles.

syndrome, auriculotemporal,

n See syndrome, Frey.

syndrome, autoimmune,

n See disease, autoimmune.

syndrome, Behçet's

n.pr recurrent iritis and aphthous ulcers of the oral cavity and genitalia. Other manifestations include arthralgia, hydrarthrosis, swelling of the salivary glands, cutaneous eruptions, and central nervous system disorders.

syndrome, Bloch-Sulzberger (incontinentia pigmenti),

n.pr syndrome in which pigmented skin lesions, defects of the eyes and central nervous system, skeletal anomalies, and hypoplasia of the teeth occur.

syndrome, Bogarad,

n.pr See syndrome, auriculotemporal.

syndrome, Böök's

n.pr syndrome characterized by premature graying of the hair, hyperhidrosis, and premolar hypodontia.

syndrome, Bourneville-Pringle (epiloia),

n.pr neurocutaneous complex consisting of adenoma sebaceum, mental deficiency, and epilepsy.

syndrome, burning mouth (BMS),

n a condition characterized by a burning sensation in the oral cavity, despite the absence of any visible irritation to the mucous membranes.

syndrome, Caffey-Silverman,

n.pr See hyperostosis, infantile cortical.

syndrome, Christ-Siemens-Touraine,

n.pr See hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

syndrome, Costen's,

n.pr discomfort, pain, and jaw pathosis claimed by Costen to be caused by lack of posterior occlusion, loss of vertical dimension, malocclusion, trismus, or muscle tremor.

syndrome, cracked tooth,

n a condition caused by a cracked tooth, resulting in pain when chewing or applying other pressures or when in contact with cold substances. The crack may occur only on the enamel, or it may extend into the pulp.

syndrome, CREST,

n a syndrome in which the initial letters of the clinical signs form the acronym CREST: calcinosis,
Raynaud's phenomenon,
esophageal dysfunction,
sclerodactyly, and
telangiectasia; it is a slowly progressive disease in which calcium deposits usually form under the skin on the fingers and sometimes on other areas of the body; exposure to cold or stress causes pain in the fingers or toes; there is difficulty swallowing and acid reflux; there is tightening and thickening of the skin causing the fingers to bend; and small red spots form on the skin of the fingers, face, or inside of the oral cavity. It is a form of scleroderma that is diagnosed when at least two of these clinical signs are present.

syndrome, cri-du-chat

n clinical syndrome associated with the deletion of the short arm of a B chromosome. Manifestations include mental retardation, various congenital abnormalities, and an infant cry resembling the mewing of a cat.

syndrome, crocodile tears,

n a syndrome in which a spontaneous lacrimation occurs with the normal salivation of eating. It follows facial paralysis and seems to result from straying of the regenerating nerve fibers, some of those destined for the salivary glands going to the lacrimal glands.

syndrome, Crouzon,

n.pr a group of genetically inherited diseases characterized by midfacial hypoplasia, craniosynostosis, exophthalmos, and short head. Thought to be caused by a genetic mutation of the FGFRZ gene, located on chromosome 10.

syndrome, Cushing's (Cushing's disease),

n.pr See hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome).

syndrome, Down,

n.pr See Down syndrome.

syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos,

n.pr a congenital or familial disorder characterized by fragility of the skin and blood vessels, hyperlaxity of the joints, hyperelasticity of the skin, subcutaneous pseudotumors, and tendency to hemorrhage postoperatively.

syndrome, Ekman's,

n.pr See osteogenesis imperfecta.

syndrome, Ellis-van Creveld,

n.pr See chondroectodermal dysplasia.

syndrome, Feer's,

n.pr See acrodynia.

syndrome, fetal hydantoin

n disorder developing in children who have been exposed to anticonvulsant therapy during the mother's pregnancy; indicated by mental deficiency, growth retardation, craniofacial abnormalities, cleft palate or lip, and congenital heart defects.

syndrome, Frey (auriculotemporal syndrome, gustatory sweating syndrome),

n.pr sweating and flushing in the preauricular and temporal areas when certain foods are eaten. Thought to be related to parotid gland trauma or a complication of parotidectomy.

syndrome, Fröhlich's (adiposogenital dystrophy),

n.pr adiposity and genital hypoplasia resulting from hypopituitarism or hypothalamohypophysdystrophy.

syndrome, Gardner's,

n.pr the development of multiple osteomas, polyposis of the large bowel, epidermoid or sebaceous cysts, and cutaneous fibromas.

syndrome, general adaptation (adaptation syndrome, GAS),

n a three-stage physiologic response to physical or psychologic stress. The first stage is the alarm reaction, consisting of bodily changes typical of emotion. A second stage is resistance to stress, wherein an attempt is made to adapt to the physiologic changes. Certain hormones of the anterior pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex hypersecrete to increase resistance. Such resistance leads to diseases of adaptation, such as hypertension. Continual stress results in the third stage, exhaustion.

syndrome, Goldscheider's,

n.pr dystrophic form of epidermolysis bullosa, leading to scars. The disturbance is inherited on an autosomal dominant or recessive basis. This form of epidermolysis bullosa leads to retardation of mental and physical growth. See also syndrome, Weber-Cockayne.

syndrome, Gorlin (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome),

n.pr See syndrome, nevoid basal cell carcinoma.

syndrome, Greig's,

n.pr a condition manifested by ocular hypertelorism, often mental retardation, ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities, and dental and oral anomalies.

syndrome, Gunn's,

n.pr See syndrome, jaw-winking.

syndrome, gustatory hyperhidrosis,

n See syndrome, auriculotemporal.

syndrome, gustatory sweating,

n See syndrome, auriculotemporal.

syndrome, Heerfordt's,

n.pr See fever, uveoparotid.

syndrome, Horner's,

n.pr a tetrad of symptoms resulting from paralysis of the cervical sympathetic trunk: pupillary constriction, ptosis of the upper eyelid, dilation of the orbital blood vessels (redness of conjunctiva), and blushing and anhidrosis of the side of the face.

syndrome, Hurler's (mucopolysaccharidosis I H, gargoylism, dysostosis multiplex),

n.pr a heritable disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism in which excessive acid mucopolysaccharides–dermatan sulfate and heparitin sulfate–are made and stored in the tissues. Clinical manifestations include hypertelorism, open oral cavity with large-appearing tongue, thick eyelids and lips, anomalies of the teeth, and short, broad neck. The skeletal and facial deformities resemble the gargoyles of Gothic architecture. Mental retardation, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, deafness, and cardiac defects are present.

syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford (progeria),

n.pr syndrome of dwarfism, immaturity, and pseudosenility. Patient appears to be bald and elderly at an early age. Hypoplasia of the mandible occurs, and the face is small in relation to the neurocranium.

syndrome, jaw-winking (winking-jaw syndrome),

n congenital unilateral ptosis and elevation of the lid on opening of the jaw or moving of the mandible to the contralateral side.

Jaw-winking syndrome.

syndrome, Klinefelter's (XXY syndrome, chromatin-positive syndrome, medullary gonadal dysgenesis),

n.pr presence in men of an abnormal sex-chromosome constitution. Persons with XXY constitution show the clinical signs of sterility, aspermatogenesis, variable gynecomastia, and often mental retardation. About 50% of subjects with XXXXY variant have cleft palate.

syndrome, Klippel-Feil,

n.pr fusions of cervical vertebrae, short neck with limited head movement, and extension of the posterior hairline.

syndrome, Lobstein's,

n.pr See osteogenesis imperfecta.

syndrome, Marfan,

n.pr tall, thin stature, long, tapered fingers and toes (arachnodactyly), dislocation of the lens of the eye (ectopia lentis), and aneurysm leading to rupture of the aorta.

syndrome, McCune-Albright,

n.pr a polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia, usually associated with precocious puberty in females, endocrine disturbances influencing growth, and brown pigmentation of the skin.

syndrome, Melkersson-Rosenthal,

n.pr transient facial edema, especially swelling of the upper lip, facial paralysis, and lingua plicata. Plicated swelling of the mucosa of the tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa may not be present, or the paralysis may be incomplete.

syndrome, Mikulicz's

n.pr a condition characterized by swelling of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and lacrimal glands; associated with lymphosarcoma, leukemia, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis.

syndrome, Möbius's,

n.pr congenital facial diplegia consisting of facial paralysis as well as lingual and masticatory muscle paralysis, inability to abduct the eyes, and anomalies of the extremities.

syndrome, Munchausen

n.pr a condition in which a patient repeatedly reports to a physician or hospital for treatment of an illness, the symptoms and history of which have been entirely fabricated.

syndrome, myeloproliferative

n extramedullary myelopoiesis in adults. It may follow contact with benzol compounds or polycythemia, or it may precede leukemia.

syndrome, nephrotic

n syndrome that includes proteinuria, hyperlipemia, hypoproteinemia, and edema. It occurs in a variety of conditions in which increased glomerular permeability and urinary loss of protein occur.

syndrome, nevoid basal cell car-cinoma

n a condition inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by a predisposition for keratocystic odontogenic tumors (odontogenic keratocysts) and skin cancers, especially basal cell carcinoma, as well as the presence of a number of abnormalities or tumors in the skeletal, nervous, endocrine, and other systems.

syndrome, nonarticular pain,

n one of several painful disorders that limit joint motion and affect the periarticular structures: the tendons, tendon sheaths, bursae, connective tissue, and muscles. Patients commonly call this syndrome “muscular aches and pains.” The pains are chronic and nagging and may occur in acute exacerbations. The neck, shoulder, back, thighs, hands, and legs are common sites of irritation. The nonarticular disorders are associated with fibrositis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, and periarticular muscle spasm. The precipitating agents are often obscure and may be associated with postural or personality disorders. When the acute symptoms of pain, stiffness, and restricted motion are reduced, the tissues resume their normal function.

syndrome, Papillon-Lefèvre,

n.pr extensive periodontal disease in young patients (juvenile periodontosis) accompanied by keratotic lesions of the palmar and plantar surfaces. In some patients, changes similar to hereditary ectodermal dysplasia also are present.

Papillon-Lefeèvre syndrome.

syndrome, paratrigeminal

n trigeminal neuralgia, sensory loss, weakness and atrophy of the masticatory muscles, miosis, and ptosis of the upper eyelid on the affected side of the face resulting from a lesion of the semilunar ganglion and fibers of the carotid plexus.

syndrome, Patau's,

n.pr See trisomy-D.

syndrome, Paterson-Kelly,

n.pr See syndrome, Plummer-Vinson.

syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers,

n.pr generalized multiple polyposis of the intestinal tract, consistently involving the jejunum, and associated with melanin spots of the lips, buccal mucosa, and fingers; autosomal dominant inheritance.

syndrome, PHC,

n See syndrome, Böök's.

syndrome, Pierre Robin,

n.pr micrognathia of the newborn. Congenital retrognathism associated with cleft palate, glossoptosis, difficulty in swallowing, respiratory obstruction, and cyanosis. This congenital micrognathia corrects itself during the growth of the child if proper care is provided.

syndrome, Plummer-Vinson,

n.pr a symptom complex that includes fissures at the corners of the oral cavity, sore tongue, dysphagia, achlorhydria, and iron-deficiency anemia. Most commonly seen in females in the fourth and fifth decades of life and associated with a predisposition to carcinoma of the oral cavity and esophagus.

syndrome, premenstrual (PMS),

n a condition that occurs within 10 days before menstruation and ends soon after menstruation begins. The most common physical and psychologic symptoms may include fatigue, heightened appetite, lack of coordination, headache, bloating or cramping of the abdomen, pain in the joints or back, pressure or pain in the breasts, depression, apprehension, and inappropriately aggressive behavior.

syndrome, radial tunnel,

n a painful condition caused by the compression of the radial nerve that passes in various branches from the spine through the forearm, wrist, and hand.

syndrome, Ramsey-Hunt,

n.pr herpetic inflammation of the geniculate ganglion, with herpes zoster of the soft palate, anterior faucial pillar, and auricular area.

syndrome, Reiter's,

n.pr a syndrome that consists of arthritis (often of the rheumatoid type), conjunctivitis, nonspecific urethritis, and occasionally aphthous ulcers of the oral mucosa.

syndrome, Rieger's,

n.pr a syndrome the characteristics of which include hypodontia, conical crowns, enamel hypoplasia, dysgenesis of the iris and cornea, and myotonic dystrophy.

syndrome, Riley-Day (familial dysautonomia),

n.pr disturbances of the autonomic and central nervous systems consisting of hypersalivation, defective lacrimation, excessive sweating, erythematous blotching after emotional upset, relative indifference to pain, and hyporeflexia. Normal growth and motor development are retarded.

syndrome, Robin,

n.pr See syndrome, Pierre Robin.

syndrome, Roger's,

n.pr continuous excessive secretion of saliva as the result of cancer of the esophagus or other esophageal irritation.

syndrome, Rosenthal,

n.pr See hemophilia C.

syndrome, rubella,

n enamel defects of the primary teeth attributed to prolonged effect of the rubella virus on ameloblasts during fetal life and in the postnatal period.

syndrome, Scheuthauer-Marie-Sainton,

n.pr See cleidocranial dysostosis.

syndrome, short face,

n an abnormally short lower facial height relative to other face portions caused by increased levels of mandibular forward rotation during embryologic development.

syndrome, sicca,

n See syndrome, Sjögren's.

syndrome, Sjögren's (sicca syndrome, xerodermostecisis)

n.pr condition related to deficient secretion of salivary, sweat, lacrimal, and mucous glands (xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis, rhinitis, dysphagia), increased size of salivary glands, and polyarthritis.

syndrome, Smyth's,

n.pr See hyperostosis, infantile cortical.

syndrome, Stevens-Johnson,

n.pr an acute inflammatory disease characterized by oral, ocular, and genital lesions with severe generalized symptoms. The oral lesions are irregularly shaped, painful ulcers. See also erythema multiforme.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

syndrome, Swift's,

n.pr See acrodynia.

syndrome, temporomandibular joint,

n an acute muscle spasm in the muscles associated with the protection and movement of the joint. It is believed to be caused by a postural (occlusal) imbalance associated with the muscular tension induced by psychologic stress. The principal symptoms are pain in the region of the joint, limitation of mobility of the mandible, crepitus, clicking sounds in the joint, and often tinnitus.

syndrome, thalassemia (Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, hereditary leptocytosis)

n a group of closely related and genetically determined disorders in which a specific decrease in one of the polypeptide chains constituting hemoglobin occurs. The defect results in hypochromic microcytic erythrocytes. Alpha, beta, and delta variants occur, as well as several subtypes based on biochemical techniques. See also thalassemia.

syndrome, Treacher Collins,

n.pr See dysostosis, mandibulofacial.

syndrome, Turner's (XO syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis, genital dwarfism),

n.pr a syndrome characterized by the absence of one of the X chromosomes, with affected females being sterile and short of stature and having various congenital anomalies, such as webbing of the neck, low-set ears, wide-set eyes, shieldlike chest, absence of breasts, and cubitus valgus. Common orofacial findings are hypoplastic mandible, high palatal vault, and dental anomalies.

syndrome, Ullrich-Feichtiger,

n.pr a syndrome that has micrognathia, polydactyly, and genital malformations.

syndrome, Urbach-Wiethe,

n.pr a syndrome characterized by hyalinosis of the skin and mucous membranes and hoarseness. The skin is infiltrated with yellowish, waxy nodules, and the oral tissues with similar plaques beginning before puberty and becoming increasingly severe. The teeth may be hypoplastic or may fail to develop.

syndrome, vestibular disorder,

n one of several syndromes involving the vestibule of the ear. The two most common syndromes of vestibular disorders are seasickness, which results from the continuous movement of the endolymph in susceptible individuals (probably related to a disturbance in the reflex control of the eyeball movements), and Meniere's syndrome, of which paroxysmal vertigo is the principal sign but other associated vascular and metabolic disorders can occur.

syndrome, Waardenburg-Klein,

n.pr a syndrome consisting of congenital deafness, white forelock, increased distance between the inner canthi, the iris of the same eye or of the two eyes having different color (heterochromic irides), and prognathism. Inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder.

syndrome, Weber-Cockayne,

n.pr a simple nonscarring form of epidermolysis bullosa; transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. See also syndrome, Goldscheider's.

syndrome, Weech's,

n.pr See hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

syndrome, Witkop-von Sallman,

n.pr a hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis with gelatinous plaques on hyperemic bulbar conjunctiva and white folds and plaques involving the oral mucosa.

syndrome, Zinsser-Engman-Cole,

n.pr a syndrome consisting of reticular atrophy of the skin, with pigmentation, dystrophic fingernails and toenails, and oral leukoplakia. Hyperhidrosis of the palms and soles is present, as well as acrocyanosis of the hands and feet.