A gene on chromosome 14q22-q23 that encodes bone morphogenetic protein-4, which plays a key role in formation of teeth, limbs and bone from mesoderm, as well as fracture repair.
Moreover, we found that in hypertensive rats the protein levels of BMP4 are increased, and then oxidative stress and p38 MAPK are activated, resulting in upregulation of COX-2, where the pathway contributes to augmentation of EDCs.
Osr2 restricts Bmp4 expression to the tooth mesenchyme under the dental lamina, and in Osr2's absence, Bmp4 gene expression expands into the jaw mesenchyme outside of the tooth row.
Al parecer los germenes mas afectados son los premolares y molares porque la mutacion de genes MSX-1 afecta la cascada de BMP4 (26); ademas son los ultimos dientes en desarrollarse y por lo tanto son mas susceptibles a alteraciones (27).
But because the BMP4 and noggin molecules were directly in contact with the cells, much less growth factor was needed to spur the differentiation--approximately 12 times less than what would be required by conventional solution-based techniques.
En el crecimiento y elevacion de los procesos palatinos se ha involucrado principalmente a los genes Msx1, Tbx22, Bmp4, Bmp2, Lhx8(Figura 2B), y en el proceso de fusion se ha establecido un papel importante para el gen Tgfb3, Irf6y Pvrl1 entre otros (Figura 2C).