birth rate (redirected from Birth rates)

rate (rāt) the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison.

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basal metabolic rate  an expression of the rate at which oxygen is used by body cells, or the calculated equivalent heat production by the body, in a fasting subject at complete rest. Abbreviated BMR.

birth rate  the number of births in a specified area during a defined period for the total population, often further qualified as to which portion of the population is being examined.

case fatality rate  the ratio of the number of deaths caused by a specified disease to the number of diagnosed cases of that disease.

circulation rate  the amount of blood pumped through the body by the heart per unit time.

death rate  an expression of the number of deaths in a population at risk during one year. The crude death r. is the ratio of the number of deaths to the total population of an area; the age-specific death r. is the ratio of the number of deaths in a specific age group to the number of persons in that age group; the cause-specific death r. is the ratio of the number of deaths due to a specified cause to the total population.

dose rate  the amount of any agent administered per unit of time.

erythrocyte sedimentation rate  (ESR) the rate at which erythrocytes sediment from a well-mixed specimen of venous blood, as measured by the distance that the top of a column of erythrocytes falls in a specified time interval under specified conditions.

fatality rate  case fatality r.

fertility rate  a measure of fertility in a specified population over a specified period of time, particularly the general fertility r., the number of live births in a geographic area in a year per 1000 women of childbearing age.

fetal death rate  the ratio of the number of fetal deaths in one year to the total number of both live births and fetal deaths in that year.

five-year survival rate  an expression of the number of survivors with no trace of disease five years after each has been diagnosed or treated for the same disease.

glomerular filtration rate  (GFR) an expression of the quantity of glomerular filtrate formed each minute in the nephrons of both kidneys, usually measured by the rate of clearance of creatinine.

growth rate  an expression of the increase in size of an organic object per unit of time.

heart rate  the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time.

incidence rate  the probability of developing a particular disease during a given period of time; the numerator is the number of new cases during the specified time period and the denominator is the population at risk during the period.

morbidity rate  an inexact term that can mean either the incidence rate or the prevalence rate.

mortality rate  death r.

prevalence rate  the number of people in a population who have a disease at a given time: the numerator is the number of existing cases of disease at a specified time and the denominator is the total population.

pulse rate  the number of pulsations noted in a peripheral artery per unit of time.

respiration rate  the number of movements of the chest wall per unit of time, indicative of inhalation and exhalation.

sedimentation rate  the rate at which a sediment is deposited in a given volume of solution, especially when subjected to the action of a centrifuge.

stillbirth rate  fetal death r.

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birth rate,

the proportion of the number of live births in a specific area during a given period to the total population of that area, usually expressed as the number of births per 1000 of population. Compare crude birth rate, refined birth rate, true birth rate.

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birth

a coming into being; the act or process of being born. See also parturition.

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birth canal

the canal through which the fetus passes in birth; comprising the uterus, cervix, vagina and vulva.

birth cohort

see cohort.

birth control

a term rarely used in dealing with animals. Instead see population control, contraception.

birth defects

see congenital defects.

birth difficulties

dystocia.

birth injury

occurs to the fetus during birth. Includes rib fracture and meningeal hemorrhage.

birth interval

the interval between succeeding parturitions. See also calving interval.

multiple birth

the birth of two or more offspring produced in the same gestation period.

birth order

the chronological order of births in a multiple birth. May have significance in causing stillbirths if the intervals between births are prolonged because of inertia.

premature birth

expulsion of the fetus from the uterus before termination of the normal gestation period, but after independent existence has become a possibility. In humans prematurity is defined as a pregnancy of less than 37 weeks in a pregnancy normally lasting 40 weeks.

birth process

comprises maturation of the fetus, relaxation of the bony pelvis and associated ligaments, softening and relaxation of the cervix, vagina, vulva and perineum, correct disposition of the fetus, contractions of the uterine myometrium and finally the only component under voluntary control, contraction of the abdominal muscles.

birth rate

the number of births during one year for the total population (crude birth rate), for the female population (refined birth rate), or for the female population of reproductive age (true birth rate). Not a term much used with reference to animals. See calving, lambing rate.

birth size

stature, including height at withers, crown to tail head length at birth.

birth weight

the weight at birth. A significant determinant of survival in any species and of the occurrence of dystocia. See also prolonged gestation.

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rate

the frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time.

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attack rate

the proportion of a population affected by a specific condition during a prescribed, usually short, period of time.

attribute-specific rate

the rate of occurrence of a specific attribute.

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

an expression of the rate at which oxygen is utilized in a fasting subject at complete rest as a percentage of a value established as normal for such a subject.

birth rate

the number of births during one year for the total population (crude birth rate), for the female population (refined birth rate), or for the female population of reproductive age (true birth rate).

case rate

morbidity rate.

case fatality rate

the number of deaths due to a specific disease as compared with the total number of cases of the disease.

cohort rate

the rate of occurrence of e.g. disease in cohorts.

death rate

the number of deaths per stated number of animals (1000 or 10,000 or 100,000) in a certain region in a certain time period.

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

see erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

fatality rate

the number of deaths caused by a specific circumstance or disease, expressed as the absolute or relative number among individuals encountering the circumstance or having the disease.

five-year survival rate

an expression of the number of survivors with no trace of disease 5 years after each has been diagnosed or treated for the same disease.

forced expiratory flow rate (FEF)

see maximal expiratory flow rate (below).

glomerular filtration rate

an expression of the quantity of glomerular filtrate formed each minute in the nephrons of both kidneys, calculated by measuring the clearance of specific substances, e.g. inulin or creatinine.

growth rate

an expression of the increase in size of an organic object per unit of time.

heart rate

the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time.

incidence rate

describes the probability of a new case occurring during a stated time interval.

infection rate

percentage of the population from which a specific infectious pathogen is isolated.

rate-limiting enzymes

rate controlling enzymic steps in metabolic pathways. Often allosteric enzymes with allosteric effector sites but can be controlled through substrate availability, product removal or enzyme concentration.

maximal expiratory flow rate (MEFR)

the slope of the line connecting the points 200 ml and 1200 ml on the forced expiratory volume curve. See also pulmonary function tests. Called also FEF_200-1200.

metabolic rate

an expression of the amount of oxygen consumed by the body cells.

morbidity rate

the number of cases of a given disease occurring in a specified period per unit of population.

mortality rate

death rate; the mortality rate of a disease is the ratio of the number of deaths from a given disease to the total number of cases of that disease.

reactor rate

percentage of reactors in a tested population.

respiration rate

the number of movements of the chest wall per unit of time, indicative of inspiration and expiration.

response rate

see response.

risk rate

see relative risk.

sedimentation rate

the rate at which a sediment is deposited in a given volume of solution, especially when subjected to the action of a centrifuge. See also sedimentation rate.

specific rate

expresses the frequency of a characteristic per unit of the population.

rate standardization

adaptation of a rate so that the conditions under which it occurred are comparable with those in which other rates have been estimated. There are several methods, e.g. the equivalent average death rate.

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birth rate

Crude birth rate The number of live births divided by the average population, or the population at midyr. Cf Mortality rate.