aspiration pneumonia (redirected from Aspiration syndromes)

pneumonia /pneu·mo·nia/ (noo-mo´ne-ah) inflammation of the lungs with exudation and consolidation.

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pneumonia al´ba  a fatal desquamative pneumonia of the newborn due to congenital syphilis, with fatty degeneration of the lungs.

aspiration pneumonia  that due to aspiration of foreign material into the lungs.

atypical pneumonia  primary atypical p.

bacterial pneumonia  that due to bacteria, usually species of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Mycoplasma.

bronchial pneumonia  bronchopneumonia.

interstitial pneumonia, desquamative  chronic pneumonia with desquamation of large alveolar cells and thickening of the walls of distal air passages; marked by dyspnea and nonproductive cough.

double pneumonia  that affecting both lungs.

Friedländer's pneumonia , Friedländer's bacillus pneumonia Klebsiella p.

hypostatic pneumonia  a type seen in the weak or elderly, due to excessive lying on the back.

influenzal pneumonia , influenza virus pneumonia an acute, usually fatal type due to influenza virus, with high fever, prostration, sore throat, aching pains, dyspnea, massive edema, and consolidation. It may be complicated by bacterial pneumonia.

inhalation pneumonia 

1. aspiration p.

2. bronchopneumonia due to inhalation of irritating vapors.

interstitial pneumonia 

1. any of various types of pneumonia characterized by thickening of the interstitial tissue.

2. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

interstitial plasma cell pneumonia  pneumonia; a form caused by Pneumocystis carinii, seen in infants and debilitated or immunocompromised persons; cellular detritus containing plasma cells appears in lung tissue.

Klebsiella pneumonia  Friedländer's pneumonia; a form with massive mucoid inflammatory exudates in a lobe of the lung, due to Klebsiella pneumoniae.

lipid pneumonia , lipoid pneumonia aspiration pneumonia due to aspiration of oil.

lobar pneumonia 

1. acute bacterial pneumonia with edema, usually in one lung; the most common type is pneumococcal p.

2. pneumococcal p.

lobular pneumonia  bronchopneumonia.

mycoplasmal pneumonia  primary atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Pittsburgh pneumonia  a type resembling legionnaires' disease, caused by Legionella micdadei, seen in immunocompromised patients.

pneumococcal pneumonia  the most common type of lobar pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

pneumocystis pneumonia , Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia interstitial plasma cell p.

primary atypical pneumonia  any of numerous types of acute pneumonia, caused by bacteria such as species of Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, or Chlamydia, or viruses such as adenoviruses or parainfluenza virus.

rheumatic pneumonia  a rare, usually fatal complication of acute rheumatic fever, with extensive pulmonary consolidation and rapidly progressive functional deterioration, alveolar exudate, interstitial infiltrates, and necrotizing arteritis.

varicella pneumonia  that developing after the skin eruption in varicella (chickenpox), apparently due to the same virus; symptoms may be severe, with violent cough, hemoptysis, and severe chest pain.

viral pneumonia  that due to a virus, e.g., adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, or varicella virus.

white pneumonia  p. alba.

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aspiration pneumonia

n.

Bronchopneumonia resulting from the entrance of foreign material, usually food particles or vomit, into the bronchi.

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aspiration pneumonia,

an inflammatory condition of the lungs and bronchi caused by inhaling foreign material or acidic vomitus. Compare bronchopneumonia. See also pneumonia.

observations Aspiration pneumonia may occur during anesthesia or recovery from anesthesia or during a seizure of acute alcoholic intoxication or other condition characterized by vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. Patients receiving enteral feeding therapies may also be at risk.

interventions Treatment consists of prompt suctioning of the bronchi and administration of 100% oxygen. Continued artificial ventilation may be required. As long as oxygen is administered, frequent analyses of blood gas levels may be indicated. Corticosteroids may be given to diminish inflammation. The sputum is cultured regularly, and any bacterial infection thus diagnosed is treated with an appropriate antibiotic.

nursing considerations The pulse rate and quality of respirations, level of consciousness, and skin color are carefully monitored. An oral airway is left in place until the patient's condition improves, and secretions are removed by suction as necessary. Infection and respiratory failure are frequent complications. Aspiration pneumonia may be prevented by positioning unconscious patients with the head elevated 15 to 30 degrees and turned to the side and by paying careful attention to the maintenance of enteral feeding therapy and an adequate airway.

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aspiration (as´pirā´shn),

n 1. the act of breathing or drawing in.
n 2. the removal of fluids, gases, or solids from a cavity by means of a vacuum pump.

aspiration biopsy,

n See aspiration, fine needle (FNA).

aspiration, fine needle (FNA),

n the procedure of obtaining a biopsy specimen by aspiration through a needle; used for diagnosing bone or deep soft tissue lesions. Also known as a
needle biopsy.

aspiration pneumonia,

n pneumonia produced by aspiration of foreign material into the lungs.

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aspiration

1. the act of inhaling. Pathological aspiration of vomitus or mucus into the respiratory tract may occur when a patient is unconscious or under the effects of a general anesthetic.

2. removal of fluids or gases from a cavity by the aid of suction.

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aspiration biopsy

see biopsy.

aspiration pneumonia

is the result of inhalation or aspiration of infected solid or liquid material into the lungs. Large volumes of aspirate cause asphyxia, smaller amounts cause a necrotic or gangrenous pneumonia, in anterior and ventral parts of the lung. There is profound toxemia, cough, gurgling or squeaky rales, and usually an attendant pleurisy producing a friction rub. Called also inhalation pneumonia.

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pneumonia

inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung. It is often accompanied by inflammation of the airways and sometimes of the adjoining pleura. Clinically it is manifested by an increase in the rate and depth of respiration at all degrees of severity up to dyspnea. There is also cough, and abnormality of the breath sounds on auscultation. In bacterial pneumonia there is usually a severe toxemia, in viral pneumonia it is usually minor. See also bronchopneumonia, pleuropneumonia.

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Arabian foal pneumonia

an inexorably progressive pneumonia of certain Arabian foals born with primary severe combined immunodeficiency in which adenovirus plays a dominant role but is complicated by other microorganisms, particularly Pneumocystis carinii.

aspiration pneumonia

see aspiration pneumonia.

atypical pneumonia

histologically the pneumonia is atypical in that there are no signs of acute inflammation and it is characterized by an exudation of eosinophilic, protein-rich fluid in the alveoli which may become organized to form a hyaline membrane. In animals that survive for several days there is epithelialization of the alveolar walls. In humans there is a primary atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In animals the best known example is atypical interstitial pneumonia of cattle.

bronchointerstitial pneumonia

the lesions are centered on the bronchioles and a prominent feature is the accumulation of lymphocytes in interstitial tissue; typical of pneumonias caused by aerogenous virus infections, especially myxoviruses.

brooder pneumonia

see brooder pneumonia.

chronic undifferentiated pneumonia of sheep

see enzootic pneumonia.

corynebacterial pneumonia of foals

see corynebacterial pneumonia.

cuffing pneumonia

chronic undifferentiated pneumonia of sheep in which lymphofollicular sheaths around the bronchioles are a feature.

equine cryptococcal pneumonia

see epizootic lymphangitis.

desquamative pneumonia

a chronic pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma spp. and characterized by organization of the exudate within bronchioles and bronchi, and proliferation of the interstitial tissue and epithelium.

desquamative interstitial pneumonia

chronic pneumonia with desquamation of large alveolar cells and thickening of the walls of distal air passages; marked by dyspnea and nonproductive cough.

embolic pneumonia

results from hematogenous spread from an intravascular lesion elsewhere in the body. The best known example is caudal vena caval thrombosis.

endogenous-lipid pneumonia

focal alveolar accumulations of foamy, lipid-filled macrophages which may impede alveolar clearance. Usually an incidental postmortem finding in laboratory rodents, fur-bearing animals and uncommonly cats and dogs.

enzootic pneumonia

see enzootic pneumonia.

fibrinous pneumonia

an acute fulminating pneumonia, often lobar in distribution, characterized by a fibrinous exudate. Fibrinous describes the exudate, not the anatomical distribution so that the term fibrinous pneumonia should not be used interchangeably with lobar pneumonia.

foreign body pneumonia

see aspiration pneumonia.

gangrenous pneumonia

usually an accompaniment of aspiration pneumonia.

giant-cell pneumonia

a secondary lesion in dermatosis vegetans in pigs; lesions marked by the presence of a proliferative giant-cell type of diffuse interstitial pneumonia.

granulomatous pneumonia

has a slow course characterized by granulomatous, not exudative, lesions. Sporadic cases occur in immunodeficient animals. It is a characteristic of tuberculosis and systemic fungal infections, e.g. coccidioidomycosis.

hypostatic pneumonia

caused by pooling of blood and some decrease in viability of the dependent lung in an old, sick or debilitated animal that is in lateral recumbency for a long period. The infection is secondary to hypostasis.

inhalation pneumonia

see aspiration pneumonia.

interstitial pneumonia

pneumonia in which there is diffuse or patchy damage to alveolar septa widely distributed through the lungs. There is an early intra-alveolar exudative phase followed by significant proliferation and enlargement of the alveolar epithelial cells and a thickening of the interstitial tissue. Most interstitial pneumonias in animals are infectious including viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal causes, but may be caused by chemical injury, acute pancreatitis or shock, as in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

lipid pneumonia

a specific type of aspiration pneumonia caused by the inhalation of oil droplets; most commonly associated with the forced administration of paraffin oil or cod-liver oil to cats. Called also medication pneumonia, lipoid pneumonia. See also aspiration pneumonia.

lobar pneumonia

a fulminating bronchopneumonia in which entire pulmonary lobes are diffusively inflamed and then consolidated. Pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle is the type disease. The animal is critically ill with anoxia and toxemia.

lobular pneumonia

an oldfashioned term for bronchopneumonia.

lymphoid interstitial pneumonia

see maedi.

ovine progressive pneumonia

see maedi.

parasitic pneumonia

see lungworm disease.

stable pneumonia

see equine influenza.

suppurative pneumonia of foals

see corynebacterial pneumonia.

uremic pneumonia

occurs in dogs with terminal uremia; lesions characterized by absence of inflammatory cells.

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aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonitis Pulmonology A condition characterized by the inhalation or inappropriate passage of highly acidic gastric content–food, gastric acid, vomitus-into the respiratory tract, a clinical event most common in the comatose; after the insult, there is progressive respiratory depression, hypoxia, tachypnea, and tachycardia; the tracheobronchial tree 'sweats' thin frothy fluid; lung parenchyma is acutely inflamed, hemorrhagic and edematous with atelectasis and necrosis Mortality Up to 70%. See Gastric aspiration, Pneumonia.

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Patient discussion about aspiration pneumonia.

Q. What Causes Aspiration Pneumonia? My father is hospitalized with aspiration pneumonia. What causes this?

A. Aspiration pneumonia is often caused by an incompetent swallowing mechanism, such as occurs in some forms of neurological disease (a common cause being strokes) or while a person is intoxicated. Another cause is during general anaesthesia for an operation and patients are therefore instructed to not eat or drink for at least four hours before surgery.