alcohol (redirected from Alcohal)

alcohol /al·co·hol/ (al´kah-hol)

1. any of a class of organic compounds containing the hydroxyl (—OH) functional group except those in which the OH group is attached to an aromatic ring (phenols). Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to one, two, or three other carbon atoms and as monohydric, dihydric, or trihydric according to whether they contain one, two, or three OH groups; the latter two are called diols and triols, respectively.

2. ethanol.

3. a pharmaceutical preparation of ethanol, used as a disinfectant, solvent, and preservative; applied topically as a rubefacient, disinfectant, astringent, hemostatic, and coolant; and used internally in sclerotherapy and in the treatment of pain, of spasticity, and of poisoning by methyl alcohol or ethylene glycol.

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absolute alcohol  dehydrated a.

benzyl alcohol  a colorless liquid used as a bacteriostatic in solutions for injection and topically as a local anesthetic.

cetostearyl alcohol  a mixture of stearyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol used as an emulsifier.

cetyl alcohol  a solid alcohol used as an emulsifying and stiffening agent.

dehydrated alcohol  an extremely hygroscopic, transparent, colorless, volatile liquid, 100 per cent strength ethanol; used as a solvent and injected into nerves and ganglia for relief of pain.

denatured alcohol  ethanol rendered unfit for internal use by addition of methanol or acetone.

ethyl alcohol , grain alcohol ethanol.

isopropyl alcohol  a transparent, colorless, volatile liquid, used as a solvent and disinfectant, and as a topical antiseptic.

isopropyl rubbing alcohol  a preparation containing between 68 and 72 per cent isopropyl alcohol in water, used as a rubefacient.

methyl alcohol  a clear, colorless, flammable liquid, CH3OH, used as a solvent. Ingestion may cause blindness or death.

polyvinyl alcohol  a water-soluble synthetic polymer used as a viscosity-increasing agent in pharmaceuticals and as a lubricant and protectant in ophthalmic preparations.

n- propyl alcohol  a colorless liquid with an alcohol-like odor; used as a solvent.

rubbing alcohol  a preparation of acetone, the alcohol denaturant methyl isobutyl ketone, and 68.5 to 71.5 per cent ethanol; used as a rubefacient.

stearyl alcohol  a solid alcohol prepared from stearic acid and used as an emollient and emulsifier.

wood alcohol  methanol.

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al·co·hol (lk-hôl)

n.

1. Any of a series of hydroxyl compounds derived from saturated hydrocarbons, including ethanol and methanol.

2. A colorless, volatile, flammable liquid synthesized or obtained by fermentation of sugars and starches and widely used, either pure or denatured, as a solvent and in drugs. Also called ethanol, ethyl alcohol.

3. Intoxicating liquor containing alcohol.

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alcohol,

n a chemical compound formed when a hydroxyl radical connects to an aliphatic chain carbon, thus replacing a hydrogen molecule. Has the basic formula C_nH_2n+1OH. Ethanol and methanol are examples of alcohols.

alcohols, terpenic (tur·peˑ·nik alˑ·k·hlzˈ),

n.pl compounds consisting of terpene chains attached to hydroxyl groups, may exist as monoterpenols, diterpenols, or sesquiterpenols. Responsible for the gentle floral smells of certain essential oils. See also diterpenols, mono-terpenols, and sesquiterpenols.

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alcohol (al´khôl),

n a transparent, colorless liquid that is mobile and volatile. Alcohols are organic compounds formed from hydrocarbons by the substitution of hydroxyl radicals for the same number of hydrogen atoms.

alcohol, absolute,

n an alcohol containing no more than 1% H₂O.

alcohol abuse,

n the frequent intake of large amounts of alcohol, typically distinguished by decreased health and physical and social functioning impairment. See also alcoholism.

alcohol blood level,

n See blood alcohol concentration.

alcohol dependence,

n a mental and physical need to consume alcohol in order to prevent the pains of withdrawal and obtain certain results; causes a limited capacity to control actions during consumption of alcohol. See also alcohol abuse.

alcohol hallucinosis

n a complication of the last stage of withdrawal from alcohol, occurring within 48 hours of sudden decrease or halt of increased consumption after a lengthy period of dependence. It is indicated by severely impairing visual and auditory hallucinations similar to schizophrenia symptoms that may persist for weeks or months.

alcohol withdrawal delirium,

n a complication of the last stage of withdrawal from alcohol, occurring within 1 week of sudden decrease or halt of increased consumption after a lengthy period of dependence; indicated by dramatic auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations, confusion, delusions, disorientation, tremors, nervous actions, sweating, and rapid heartbeat. Also called
DTs or
delirium tremens.

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alcohol

1. any organic compound containing the hydroxy (-OH) functional group except those in which the OH group is attached to an aromatic ring, which are called phenols. Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary according to whether the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to one, two or three other carbon atoms and as monohydric, dihydric or trihydric according to whether they contain one, two or three -OH groups; the latter two are called diols and triols, respectively.

2. common name for ethyl alcohol (ethanol). See also alcoholic.

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absolute alcohol

ethyl alcohol free from water and impurities.

complex plant alcohol

includes cicutoxin, oenanthotoxin, tremetol, all toxic, causing heavy mortalities and signs including incoordination, tremor, convulsions, vomiting.

denatured alcohol

ethyl alcohol made unfit for consumption by the addition of substances known as denaturants. Although it should never be taken internally, denatured alcohol is widely used on the skin as a cooling agent and skin disinfectant.

ethoxylate alcohol detergents

alcohols containing an ethyl radical with an attached oxygen group; used in the treatment and prevention of ruminal bloat.

ethyl alcohol

a transparent, colorless, mobile, volatile liquid miscible with water, ether or chloroform, and obtained by the fermentation of carbohydrate with yeast. It is the major ingredient of alcoholic beverages consumed by humans. Called also ethanol and grain alcohol. It is used in veterinary medicine in the preparation of mixtures for topical application and for skin disinfection.

grain alcohol

see ethyl alcohol (above).

isopropyl alcohol

a transparent, volatile colorless liquid used as a rubbing compound. Called also isopropanol.

methyl alcohol

a mobile, colorless liquid used as a solvent. Called also wood alcohol or methanol. It is a useful fuel, but is poisonous if taken internally. Consumption may lead to blindness or death.

alcohol nerve block

permanent anesthesia to a part can be produced by blocking the relevant nerve with isopropyl alcohol. Adverse effects are likely due to continued loss of sensation and motor power.

alcohol poisoning

in animals this does not present the social problems that it does in humans even in cattle and sheep fed on brewer's grains and distiller's solubles. Ethyl alcohol is produced in some feeds which are fermented accidentally, but overt alcohol poisoning is not recorded. Carbohydrate engorgement is a more likely occurrence. Isopropyl alcohol is an end product of ketone body degradation in the rumen in cattle and does cause signs of inebriation in cows with nervous acetonemia.

Small companion animals are sometimes exposed to toxic levels of ethyl alcohol by owners and it may be readily consumed. Excessive amounts can lead to vomiting, various levels of central nervous system depression, including excitement, seizures and respiratory depression.

wood alcohol

methyl alcohol.

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alcohol Chemistry Any of a broad category of organic chemicals containing one or more hydroxyl––OH groups with a minimal tendency to ionize; alcohols can be liquids, semisolids or solids at room temperature Common alcohols Ethanol or CH₃CH₂OH/'drinking' alcohol, methanol–CH₃OH, wood/grain alcohol, which can cause blindness and CNS damage, propanol–(CH₃)₂CHOH, 'rubbing' alcohol. Cf Absolute alcohol, Perillyl alcohol Clinical medicine The commonly ingested alcohol, ethyl alcohol–ethanol, once consumed, peaks in the blood in ±30 mins; ±1 hr is needed to eliminate each 10g of alcohol ingested; blood alcohol levels reliably indicate the amount of ethanol 'on board'; alcohol consumption may relieve anxiety for several hrs, but, long-term, may aggravate or provoke anxiety and panic disorders Health benefits of As little as 1 drink/wk ↓ risk of stroke Ref rangeNegative; serum levels of > 0.05% is sufficient to cause impairment